In this article I compare two discourses of exclusion that played – or are playing – an important role in Polish political life: the antisemitic language of the 1930s and the contemporary language of homophobia. I want to demonstrate that they possess the same structure, and that the latter may be considered a continuation of the former. I begin with the methodological premises of the comparative analysis I propose. Then I indicate the place of “political homophobia” on the map of various anti-gay discourses. A comparison with political antisemitism allows us to see that formerly Jews and now lesbians and gays are constructed, firstly, as representatives of an anti-civilization who spread demoralization, secondly, as dangerous conspirators, and thirdly, as pariahs. In conclusion I pose the thesis that a comparative analysis of both discourses not only allows us to understand better the historical foundation of the current hatred toward gays and lesbians, but also throws a new light on the deeper structure of antisemitism.